While the overall budget deficit will balloon to a staggering $1.6
trillion in 2011, the result of massive tax cuts for the rich,
declining revenues, a by-product of capitalism's economic meltdown,
imperial adventures abroad and general corporate malfeasance (the old
tax-dodge grift), the administration plans to cut $250 billion over
three years from non-military "discretionary spending" on domestic
social programs.
However, as the
World Socialist Web Site
points out: "President Barack Obama has done nothing to reverse decades
of wage stagnation, mounting poverty, and attacks on the social welfare
system. On the contrary, following George W. Bush, he has seized on the
crisis to redistribute wealth to a tiny financial elite through the
ongoing bailout of the finance industry."
It is no small irony that despite stark budget figures and an even bleaker future for the American working class,
Washington Technology
reported January 28 that the "29 largest publicly traded defense
contractors increased their use of offshore subsidiaries by 26 percent
from 2003 to 2008."
Citing reports by the Government
Accountability Office (GAO), journalist Alice Lipowicz disclosed that
the "subsidiaries helped the contractors reduce taxes, in part by
avoiding Social Security and Medicare payroll taxes for U.S. workers
hired at the foreign subsidiaries."
Considering that the
Pentagon hands out some $396 billion annually to contractors,
outsourcing everything from "in theatre" construction in places like
Afghanistan and Iraq to pricey "intelligence analysts" at secret state
agencies, cash not spent on payroll taxes by dodgy firms slices another
hole into the already-shredded social safety net.
Amongst the largest firms cited in GAO's 2008
report, updated in
January 2010,
Oracle Corp., operates in 77 tax havens; Boeing Co., 38; Dell Inc., 29;
BearingPoint Inc., 28; Computer Sciences Corp., 21; Fluor Corp., 34;
General Dynamics, 5; Harris Corp., 13; Hewlett-Packard, 14; Honeywell
International, 7; ITT Corp., 18; L-3 Communications, 15; Sprint Nextel,
7.
Many of the firms are heavily-leveraged in the lucrative
"homeland security" market and provide technology and "cleared"
intelligence analysts, many of whom jumped ship from government service
for richer, if more dubious employment, to a host of secret state
agencies including the CIA, DIA, NSA as well as ultra-secretive outfits
engaged in global satellite surveillance such as the National
Reconnaissance Office (NRO) and the National Geospatial-Intelligence
Agency (NGA).
You would think these firms, flush with record
profits since the U.S. embarked on its "War on Terror" in 2001, would
do something as pedestrian as paying their fair share of taxes or
providing benefits to workers, given severe budgetary pressures on
domestic programs, dizzying housing foreclosure rates and skyrocketing
unemployment.
You'd be wrong, however; dead wrong.
An "Island Paradise" Where Profits Go to HideDespite
fabulous riches showered on shareholders by taxpayers, the
Military-Industrial-Security-Complex will not rest until every dime has
been squeezed from the American people, swelling corporate abdomens
well-past the bursting point.
In cinematic terms, think of
America's ruling elite as a horde of sociopathic zombies gobbling
everything in sight. Instead of screaming "Brains!" as in Sam Raimi's
cult classic,
The Evil Dead, corporate zombies cry "Cash! I Need Cash!" as they take down entire nations in one rapacious bite!
A new report published by the Government Accountability Office (
GAO)
in January found, "Many of the top 29 U.S. publicly traded defense
contractors--those with $1 billion or more in DOD contracts in fiscal
year 2008--have created offshore subsidiaries to facilitate global
operations. Between fiscal years 2003 and 2008, they increased their
use of these subsidiaries by 26 percent, maintaining at least 1,194 in
2008."
GAO auditors revealed that corporate subsidiaries in tax
havens such as the Bahamas, Switzerland, the Cayman Islands, Bahrain,
Netherlands Antilles, Jersey, Bermuda, the Channel Islands, Luxembourg,
Macao, Lebanon, Liechtenstein and Cyprus "helped the 29 contractors
reduce taxes, with about one-third decreasing their effective U.S.
corporate tax rates in 2008 in part through the use of foreign
affiliates, lower foreign tax rates, and indefinite reinvestment of
foreign income outside of the United States."
A convenient shell
game since the "indefinite reinvestment of foreign income" isn't
taxable until its been repatriated to the United States. What do you
think the chances are of
that happening any time soon?
As
an added incentive that helped firms hit the old corporate "sweet
spot," the congressional watchdogs found that "companies principally
used offshore subsidiaries to hire U.S. workers providing services
overseas on U.S. government contracts in order to avoid Social
Security, Medicare--known as Federal Insurance Contributions Act
(FICA)--and other payroll taxes. This practice allowed contractors to
offer lower bids when competing for certain services and thereby reduce
costs for DOD."
Not that workers derived any benefit from this
"special" arrangement; in fact, the use of off-shore tax havens by
defense grifters had dire consequences when workers lost their jobs.
"In
one state," GAO auditors revealed, "we reviewed documentation for about
140 former employees of several contractors who were denied
unemployment benefits in 2009. State workforce officials indicated
these benefits were denied because the employees worked for a foreign
subsidiary and not an American employer."
Interestingly enough,
many of the global hidey-holes used to shield corporate wealth from the
IRS have long been identified by law enforcement investigators and
political researchers as prime money-laundering venues for the
international drugs trade.
This is hardly surprising.
Considering the close proximity of U.S. covert operations, illicit
arms- and drug trafficking, and general subversive activities carried
out by the CIA and other members of the "Intelligence Community," what
better way for defense firms to keep it "all in the family" so to
speak, then to stash war-derived loot in discrete locations.
As researcher Alan Block described the metastatic growth of the tax-haven phenomenon in his groundbreaking work,
Masters of Paradise: Organized Crime and the Internal Revenue Service in the Bahamas,
"professional criminals were those who took it upon themselves to
organize crime. Their true work was the process of organizing crime
itself."
Block's description is all the more appropriate
considering that it is the American militarist state that "took it upon
themselves" to organize corporate looting on a planetary scale. After
all, resource wars, military interventions or the standing-up of death
squad states through CIA fomented coups, directly benefit imperialism's
real, indeed
only, constituents: U.S. multinational corporations.
Out of Sight, Out of MindA
futile exercise perhaps, given that our corrupt representatives in
Congress, "change" Democrats and troglodytic Republicans alike, will do
nothing to close tax loop-holes big enough to sail an aircraft carrier
through.
And why would they, since the largest contributors
flooding congressional campaign coffers with cold, hard cash are the
same firms that reap the benefits of corporate-friendly tax codes, as
the
Center for Responsive Politics points out.
Just for kicks, let's take a look at some of the worst malefactors, firms whose stated mission is to "protect"
heimat citizens while inflating the bottom line through the creative use of foreign subsidiaries.
Aside
from "taking advantage of foreign government markets for commercial
work," the GAO reports, "a key benefit of using offshore subsidiaries
cited by contractors and other experts we spoke with was the ability to
reduce overall taxes."
Indeed, "one defense contractor's
offshore subsidiary structure decreased its effective U.S. tax rate by
approximately 1 percent equaling millions of dollars in tax savings,"
which of course did nothing to reduce America's swelling deficit or
ameliorate crashing social services for millions of workers.
GAO
"identified some defense contractors that used subsidiaries registered
outside the place of contract performance to support DOD service
contracts abroad. These offshore subsidiaries had no staff or business
activity where registered."
I don't know about you, but I don't
think Netherlands Antilles or the Cayman Islands have ever been major
manufacturing hubs producing ballistic missiles, spy satellites,
supercomputers or other assorted goodies for the National Security
State!
Typically however, GAO discovered that for "one contract
task order we reviewed, more than 80 percent of the contractor's staff
were employed by its offshore subsidiary."
Tellingly, "while
five of the six contractors in our case studies said that reducing FICA
tax payments was the primary reason for using offshore subsidiaries,"
the auditors concluded that "this practice also allowed the contractors
to reduce costs by avoiding state and federal unemployment insurance
taxes for U.S. personnel working overseas."
"For U.S. citizens
performing certain work outside the United States," we're informed that
"federal law requires only American employers to pay unemployment
taxes; foreign subsidiaries are not defined as American employers under
the law."
Therefore if a worker is "let go," the enterprising grifter is off the hook for unemployment payments. Pretty neat trick, eh!
Flying the Friendly Skies ... With the CIA!What
do these studies tell us? It pays to have friends in high places! Let's
take a peek at just two of the 29 firms profiled in GAO's 2010 report
as well as their earlier 2008
investigation.
The Boeing Company (
Boeing):
Washington Technology lists
Boeing as No. 2 on their Top 100 list of federal contractors with $10,838,231,984 in overall revenue.
Primary
government contracts include projects for NASA, the Navy, Air Force,
Army, Marine Corps, the Department of Homeland Security and the State
Department. One subsidiary, and contract, which the giant firm isn't
too keen on publicizing is
Jeppesen International Trip Planning, the booking agent for CIA torture flights.
As
Antifascist Calling
previously reported, the firm is being sued by victims of the Bush
administration's illegal practice of "rendering" (kidnapping) so-called
"terrorists" into the hands of torture-friendly regimes or to CIA
"black sites" in Europe and the Middle East.
The ACLU's landmark litigation on behalf of the victims,
Mohamed et al. v. Jeppesen Dataplan, Inc.
seeks to hold the Boeing subsidiary accountable for planning and
providing logistical support for CIA "ghost flights." The Obama
administration, like their Bushist predecessors oppose the suit on
grounds that "vital state secrets" will be disclosed.
On
February 10, the British High Court ordered Britain's secret state to
release documents disclosing MI5's collaboration in Binyam Mohamed's
torture. Mohamed is a litigant in the ACLU's suit against Jeppesen.
The Guardian
reported that "MI5 faced an unprecedented and damaging crisis tonight
after one of the country's most senior judges found that the Security
Service had failed to respect human rights, deliberately misled
parliament, and had a 'culture of suppression' that undermined
government assurances about its conduct."
In response to the release of previously classified
documents
by the British government, as promised, the U.S. Government has
threatened that the disclosure "would cloud future intelligence
relations with Britain,"
The Wall Street Journal reported.
Meanwhile back in the
heimat, Boeing and Jeppesen's corporate officers continue to hold get-out-of-jail-free cards from the Obama administration.
As investigative journalist Jane Mayer revealed in
The New Yorker
back in 2006, Bob Overby, the managing director of Jeppesen
International Trip Planning, said during a breakfast for new hires in
San Jose, Calif., "We do all of the extraordinary rendition
flights--you know, the torture flights. Let's face it, some of these
flights end up that way."
Technical writer Sean Belcher blew the
whistle on the firm and told Mayer that Overby, extemporaneously
extolling the virtues for the corporatist bottom line, said: "It
certainly pays well. They"--the CIA--"spare no expense. They have
absolutely no worry about cost. What they have to get done, they get
done."
But facilitating CIA torture flights wasn't the only, or
even the most lucrative, enterprise driving Boeing's close
collaboration with the National Security State.
Little known outside the security industry, Boeing's Defense, Space and Security division (
DSS, formerly Integrated Defense Systems or IDS) is the firm's intelligence unit.
With
some 71,000 employees, most holding top secret clearances, DSS is
probably the most profitable of the firm's divisions with some $32
billion in revenues, about half of Boeing's annual earnings.
According to investigative journalist and security analyst Tim Shorrock, writing on CorpWatch's
Spies for Hire
collaborative research web site, DSS "has close ties with the NSA and
the intelligence community's signals intelligence units. It has an
important office about a mile from the agency's headquarters in Fort
Meade, Maryland, in an industrial park filled with NSA contractors."
And within DSS, its most important intelligence unit is the
Advanced Global Services & Support division.
According
to Boeing, Advanced Global Services & Support "is the advanced arm
of the Global Services & Support business unit ... responsible for
driving the development, growth and transition of innovative,
knowledge-based logistics capabilities for Global Services &
Support. With a central focus on the emerging network-centric logistics
marketplace, Advanced Global Services & Support is working on
deploying integrated solutions for end-to-end (factory-to-foxhole)
logistics. Its focus--'readiness transformation'."
The unit
provides "horizontal integration" for "Intelligence Community
customers" such as the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA),
the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the Defense Intelligence Agency
(DIA) and the National Security Agency (NSA).
"In December 2007"
Shorrock writes, "Boeing formed a new Intelligence and Security Systems
(I&SS) division that appears to combine many of the company's
services for foreign and domestic intelligence. Based in Washington,
D.C., I&SS has a workforce of about 2,000 people at nine locations
nationwide, and includes four program areas: Advanced Information
Systems; Mission Systems; Security Solutions, which includes SBInet
(the electronic wall being built on the US-Mexico border); and Advanced
I&SS. According to a company press release, the new division
'enables increased focus on the complex challenges faced by our
homeland security and intelligence community customers. ...I&SS
will improve our ability to bring comprehensive, net-enabled
capabilities to meet our customers' dynamic requirements'."
Much
the same can be said of Boeing's imaginative use of tax-havens.
According to GAO's 2008 study, Boeing maintained 38 foreign
subsidiaries in major airline manufacturing hubs such as Bermuda (6);
Cayman Islands (1); Gibraltar (2); Hong Kong (4); Ireland (4)
Netherlands Antilles (2); Singapore (3); and U.S. Virgin Islands (16).
Spying for DollarsComputer Sciences Corporation (CSC): One of the largest defense contractors operating under the radar,
CSC is No. 9 on
Washington Technology's Top 100 list of prime federal contractors with some $3,435,767,906 in revenue.
The
Falls Church, Virginia-based outfit's business includes consulting,
systems integration and outsourcing, and their major customers include
the Defense Department, NASA, Navy, Army, Air Force, Treasury
Department, Health and Human Services, the Environmental Protection
Agency, Transportation Department and Department of State.
In his essential book
Spies for Hire,
Shorrock has described CSC as "one of the NSA's most important
contractors," managing "global information networks and produces and
disseminates intelligence products, including specialized expertise in
the area of imagery processing and archiving."
"After 9/11"
Shorrock writes, "CSC formed a new business unit to go after homeland
security and intelligence work," including contracts with the Defense
Intelligence Agency.
Shorrock reveals that one of the "mission
critical" consortiums that run DIA global operations "is managed by
Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC). ... The CSC team includes CACI
International and
L-3 MPRI.
This last company is one of the largest private armies in the world,
and would have at its disposal hundreds of paramilitary officers who
would fit in exceedingly well with the DIA's secret intelligence teams
in the Middle East and North Africa."
According to the firm's
web site,
CSC's Intelligence Analysis and Operational Support division "applies
advanced information technology, expert knowledge, best practices, and
business process improvement in all phases of the intelligence cycle
(planning and direction, collection, processing, analysis and
production, and dissemination)."
"At the enterprise level," CSC
informs us, "our prowess in systems integration, engineering, and
consulting help create IT infrastructures and ways of doing business
that put the right tools in the right hands at the right time, so that
intelligence staffs and decision makers can get on with the business of
protecting the country."
With no end in sight, the data-mining
growth curve continues along its merry way, integrating and analyzing
the electronic communications of Americans "captured" by CIA, DIA, FBI,
NCTC and NSA data miners and their partners in the telecommunications
industry.
Accordingly, CSC "develops and integrates automated
tools for unique requirements of specialized intelligence analysts."
Tools that enable secret state agencies to "Capture and mine
information from multiple sources in multiple languages; Collaborate in
real time with fellow analysts; Create models in which to store working
data and test hypotheses; Discover insider threats by tracking network
behavior; Automatically analyze and visualize complex data using
intelligent software agents."
As with hundreds of other firms
who trade top secret security clearances as if they were trading cards,
CSC provides "experienced, cleared intelligence professionals who
perform intelligence analysis, database construction and population,
editorial support and quality assurance, production and collection
management, analytic tradecraft training, on-the-ground acquisition of
unique data sets, and foreign language support."
Conveniently,
CSC has some 1,200 employees who they rent to the secret state at a
premium price "who meet DCID 6/4 eligibility requirements and have
access to Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI) or Special Access
Programs (SAPs)," i.e., Pentagon, CIA and NSA "black programs" only
known by code words that escape congressional scrutiny, or indeed
any democratic oversight.
The
firm's "Information Refinery" is touted as an "innovative approach to
open source intelligence that captures multilingual information from
the Internet and other publicly available sources, then mines, refines
and translates it for use by government intelligence analysts and
decision makers."
Translation: CSC, on behalf of secret state
"stakeholders" surveil web pages, blog posts and other electronic
communications and "assist" spooks in transforming data, including
First Amendment-protected free speech into grist for the "actionable
intelligence" mill.
One would think a red-blooded, patriotic
American firm like CSC would do their all for "God and Country," and
pay their fair share of taxes, considering the billions of dollars in
contracts the firm has speared from the government. Think again, chumps!
GAO
reports that CSC has 21 subsidiaries "in jurisdictions listed as tax
havens" by the federal government. Some of the firm's global operations
are located in tech manufacturing powerhouses such as Bermuda (1);
British Virgin Islands (4); Costa Rica (1); Hong Kong (5); Ireland (2);
Luxembourg (2); Macao (1); Singapore (4); Switzerland (1).
Despite
the fact that "DOD officials were aware of the roles offshore
subsidiaries played in the DOD contracts we reviewed," GAO
investigators found that "contracting officials stated that the use of
offshore subsidiaries did not negatively impact contract schedule or
performance."
After all, $708 billion does a lot of talking!
Tom Burghardt is a researcher and activist based in the San Francisco Bay Area. In addition to publishing in Covert Action Quarterly and Global Research,
an independent research and media group of writers, scholars,
journalists and activists based in Montreal, his articles can be read
on Dissident Voice, The Intelligence Daily, Pacific Free Press , Uncommon Thought Journal, CJO's Avenger212, and the whistleblowing website Wikileaks. He is the editor of Police State America: U.S. Military "Civil Disturbance" Planning, distributed by AK Press.
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